Prostate Cancer
What is prostate cancer?
The prostate is part of the male reproductive system. It is a small, walnut-sized gland weighing about an ounce. The prostate is located below the bladder and in front of the rectum and surrounds the urethra. The main function of the prostate is to produce ejaculatory fluid. Prostate cancer is different from most cancers in that a large percentage of men may have a silent form of the cancer – it does not cause symptoms or progress beyond the prostate gland. Due to its high incidence, prostate cancer is a significant health-care problem in the United States and is the most common cancer among men. [Read more in the Prostate Cancer Awareness Pamphlet for Men]

What are the symptoms of prostate cancer?
In its early stages, prostate cancer often causes no symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they may include dull pain in the lower pelvic area, frequent urination, problems with urination (inability, pain, burning, weakened urine flow), blood in the urine or semen, painful ejaculation, general pain in the lower back, hips or upper thighs, loss of appetite and/or weight and persistent bone pain.

How is prostate cancer diagnosed and treated?
Currently, digital rectal examination (DRE) and PSA tests (measurements of the level of PSA – a substance produced only by the prostate – in the bloodstream) are used for prostate cancer detection. Most experts agree that healthy men over the age of 50 should consider prostate cancer screening with a DRE and PSA test. Screening should occur earlier, at age 40, in those who are at a higher risk of prostate cancer, such as African-American men, or those with a family history of prostate cancer. Treatment options for prostate cancer include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormone therapy and watchful waiting. [read more about prostate cancer treatment]